4.Periodic Table_d-block & f-block

#d-block elements

Here we will see the property of  d-block and f-block elements . As you have seen the elements are classified into block as their last electron enter the particular orbital. In the same way here if the last electron enter the d-orbital of penultimate shell ,then the elements belong to d-block.

d-block elements

IIIB	IVB	VB	VIB	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB
--	--	--	--	--	VIIIB	IXB	XB	--	--
Sc	Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn
Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd
La	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg

Properies :

• The maximum capacity of d-orbital is 10. so there are 10 vertical column in d-block.
• There are 8 group in d-block starting from 'IIIB' and terminating on 'IIB'.
• d-block start with 3d-series of 4th -period.

            ( Sc ------ Zn )-------> 3d - series

            ( Y ------ Cd )-------> 4d - series

            ( La ------ hg )-------> 5d - series

            ( Ac ------ Radioactive element )-------> 6d - series

• All the d-block elements are 'hard - metal' due to strong metallic bond.
• d-block elements are involve in complex formation.

          Ex.  K₃[Fe(CN)₆] ,  [Ni(CN)₄]^2-.
Note : Complex -compound or salt don't loose their identity in aqueous solution. 

• General Electronic configuration : ( n-1 ) d^1-10 ns²

 3d    {   Sc      Ti       V        Cr       Mn        Fe       Co       Ni        Cu       Zn
         {
 4d    {    Y        Zr      Nb      Mo      Tc         Ru       Rh       Pd        Ag      Cd
         {
 5d    {    La       Hf      Ta      W         Re        Os       Ir          Pt        Au      Ag

• Oxidation number of d-block is variable and it can show maximum oxidation state of +8 for Osmium and Ruthenium.

             Ex.    Os⁺⁸ O₄

#f-block elements

If the last electron enter the f-orbital then the element belongs to f- block. The capacity of f-orbital is 14 and so there are 14 vertical column in f-block.
It derives from IIIB group of 6th period.

      

Properies :

• All the f- block element belongs to Group - IIIB.
• f-block elements belongs to Group- IIIB.
• f-block elements are similar in chemical property.
• These are present in two horizontal row named as -

1. Lanthanide  Ce (58) -----------------Lu (71)                                                                                                          Cerium                        Lutetium 
2. Actinide        Th (90) ---------------   Lr (103)

lanthanide Series :  

               Ce   Pr   Nd   Th  Pm  Sm   Eu   Gd    Tb   Dy   Ho   Er   Tm   Yb   Lu

Trick To Remember:--  सी  पर  नंद  था  Prime Minister  श्रीमती युरो जीडी टब्डी     हो   अरे Tm Yb का 

                                       Ce  Pr  Nd          Pm                     Sm    Eu   Gd   Tb Dy   Ho  Er  Tm   Yb
                                     किया    लुट

                                                 Lu

• General Electronic configuration ( Lanthanide Series ) : [Xe]4 f^1-14 5d^0-1 6s².

Ex..

₅₆Ba --> 1s²  2s²  2p⁶  3s²  3p⁶  4s²  3d¹⁰  4p⁶  5s²  4d¹⁰  5p⁶  6s².
₅₇la-->   1s²  2s²  2p⁶  3s²  3p⁶  4s²  3d¹⁰  4p⁶  5s²  4d¹⁰  5p⁶  6s²  5d1
₅₈Ce --> 1s²  2s²  2p⁶  3s²  3p⁶  4s²  3d¹⁰  4p⁶  5s²  4d¹⁰  5p⁶  6s²  5d¹   4f¹
₆₄Gd --> 1s²  2s²  2p⁶  3s²  3p⁶  4s²  3d¹⁰  4p⁶  5s²  4d¹⁰  5p⁶  6s²   5d¹   4f⁷ 

Note-   5d¹is possible for half filled and full filled f-orbital.

Actinide Series : 

        Th  Pa  U  Np  Pu  Am  Cm  Bk  Cf   Es  Fm  Md  No  Lr

Trick To Remember : -थापु          नापु Am Cm बाकी सब साफ इस Fm से मैडम No लटपट

                                    Th  Pa U Np Pu Am Cm   Bk        Cf    Es  Fm     Md   No   Lr

• All the element of f- block are metal with general oxidation number (+3).
• f-block metal are also involve in complex formation.

Long Form Of Periodic Table 

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New Periodic Table was given by Rang ,Werner, Bohr and Burry ,etc so sometimes it is also called as Bohr ,Burry and Rang, Werner Periodic Table. They remove the drawback of modified periodic table of Mendeleev.
The complete periodic table was divided into horizontal row ( Period ) and vertical column ( Group ).
New periodic table contain 18 vertical column .Group VIIIB was divided into three vertical column named as 8, 9, 10th group.
pic:--

Nomenclature of elements for Z > 100

Nil =0           Pent = 5

Un = 1          Hex = 6

Bi =  2          Sept = 7                     Suffix -->  ium

tri =  3          Oct = 8

quad =4        Enn = 9

Ex.  Z = 104 ( Unq )

        Un + Nil + quad + ium  = Unnilquadium

Now you have to name the following ex:

 1. Z= 105  2. Z= 107   3. Z= 113   4. Z= 118

This nomenclature was introduced by IUPAC to stop the confusion because the elements after Atomic number = 92 is not natural but man-made (Artificial).

Before we going to the important topic periodicity ,we will see some important term and definition as you can see in the period table.

• Representative Elements : s & p black species are representative except VIIIA.
• Metalloids : Species which have both character ( metal and non metal ).

                             Ex.. B    Si    Ge    As   Sb    Te    Po

for Periodicity of periodic table please go through following link
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